Data Collection
Malathion
CAS Number: 121-75-5
Basic Information
Synonym(s): Dimethyl phosphorodithioate of diethyl mercaptosuccinate; Calmathion; Carbethoxy malathion; Carbetovur; Carbetox; Carbofos; Carbophos; Celthion; Chemathion; Cimexan; Cleensheen; Compound 4049
Formula: C10H19O6PS2
Molecular Weight: 330.35
Boiling Point (°C): 156
Melting Point (°C): 2.85
Contaminant Type: Malathion is an insecticide.
Notes: Colorless to brown liquid with a mild, skunk-like odor. Deep brown to yellow liquid
Solubility (in water)
- Solubility:
145
mg/l
e
Temperature (°C): 20
Half-Life (in soil unless otherwise noted)
- t1/2:
3-7
days
f
Environment: Scientific judgement based upon unacclimated aerobic soil grab sample data.
- t1/2:
0.05
days
e
Temperature (°C): 18-22
Notes: Aerobic biodegration half-life at an initial concentration of 2 ppm, using a mixture of nonacclimated sludge, field soil, and river sediment as inoculum, in a stirred flask, the major bacterial types in the activated sludge have been characterized as follows: Flavobacterium 35%; Alcaligenes 30%; Corynebacterium 20%; Pseudomonas 15%
Toxicity Effects
- Organism Type:
Algae
e
Scientific Name: Tetrahymena pyriformis
Toxicity: 10 mg/l
Test: 96h EC9
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Common Name: Sand shrimp, sevenspine bay shrimp
Scientific Name: Crangon septemspinosa
Toxicity: 33 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Common Name: Daphnia
Scientific Name: Daphnia magna
Toxicity: 3 µg/l
Test: 1w LC50
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Common Name: Daphnia
Scientific Name: Daphnia magna
Toxicity: 0.6 µg/l
Test: 21d NOEC
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Common Name: Daphnia
Scientific Name: Daphnia magna
Toxicity: 0.9 µg/l
Test: 24h LC50
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Common Name: Daphnia
Scientific Name: Daphnia magna
Toxicity: 1.8 µg/l
Test: 48h LC50
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Common Name: Daphnia
Scientific Name: Daphnia pulex
Toxicity: 1.8 µg/l
Test: 48h LC50
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Scientific Name: Gammarus fasciatus
Toxicity: 0.5 µg/l
Test: 5d LC50
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Scientific Name: Gammarus fasciatus
Toxicity: 0.76 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Scientific Name: Gammarus lacustris
Toxicity: 1 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Scientific Name: Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
Toxicity: 0.023 µg/l
Test: 30d LC50
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Scientific Name: Gammarus pseudolimnaeus
Toxicity: 0.008 µg/l
Test: 30d NOEC
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Scientific Name: Orconectes nais
Toxicity: 180 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Common Name: Long-armed hermit crab
Scientific Name: Pagurus longicarpus
Toxicity: 83 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Common Name: Migrant prawn, oriental shrimp
Scientific Name: Palaemon macrodactylus
Toxicity: 34 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,F
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Common Name: Migrant prawn, oriental shrimp
Scientific Name: Palaemon macrodactylus
Toxicity: 22 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Common Name: Mississippi grass shrimp
Scientific Name: Palaemonetes kadiakensis
Toxicity: 9 µg/l
Test: 5d LC50
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Common Name: Mississippi grass shrimp
Scientific Name: Palaemonetes kadiakensis
Toxicity: 12 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
af
Common Name: Daggerblade grass shrimp
Scientific Name: Palaemonetes pugio
Life Stage: Adult
Toxicity: 38.19 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
Notes: Shriimp were exposed to malathion for 96h at 20% salinity
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
af
Common Name: Daggerblade grass shrimp
Scientific Name: Palaemonetes pugio
Life Stage: Larval
Toxicity: 13.24 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
Notes: 18 day old larvae. Shriimp were exposed to malathion for 96h at 20% salinity
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
af
Common Name: Daggerblade grass shrimp
Scientific Name: Palaemonetes pugio
Life Stage: Larval
Toxicity: 9.06 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
Notes: Newly hatch larvae. Shriimp were exposed to malathion for 96h at 20% salinity
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Common Name: Common grass shrimp
Scientific Name: Palaemonetes vulgaris
Toxicity: 82 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Common Name: Red-swamp crayfish
Scientific Name: Procambarus clarkii
Toxicity: 49 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Crustaceans
e
Scientific Name: Simocephalus serrulatus
Toxicity: 3.5 µg/l
Test: 48h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Perch
Toxicity: 0.26 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Sunfish
Toxicity: 0.17 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: American eel
Scientific Name: Anguilla rostrata
Toxicity: 0.5 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: American eel
Scientific Name: Anguilla rostrata
Toxicity: 82 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Goldfish
Scientific Name: Carassius auratus
Toxicity: 11 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Scientific Name: Cirrhinus mrigala
Toxicity: 5.4 mg/l
Test: 48h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Bullhead
Scientific Name: Cottus gobio
Toxicity: 13 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Sheepshead minnow
Scientific Name: Cyprinodon variegatus
Toxicity: 51 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Sheepshead minnow
Scientific Name: Cyprinodon variegatus
Toxicity: 6 µg/l
Test: MATC Life Cycle
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Carp
Scientific Name: Cyprinus carpio
Toxicity: 9 mg/l
Test: 48h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Carp
Scientific Name: Cyprinus carpio
Toxicity: 9.8 - 10 mg/l
Test: 48h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Carp
Scientific Name: Cyprinus carpio
Toxicity: 6.6 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Carp
Scientific Name: Cyprinus carpio
Toxicity: 1.9 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Bass
Scientific Name: Dicentrarchus labrax
Toxicity: 0.29 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Banded killifish
Scientific Name: Fundulus diaphanus
Toxicity: 0.24 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Mummichog
Scientific Name: Fundulus heteroclitus
Toxicity: 70; 80 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Striped killifish
Scientific Name: Fundulus majalis
Toxicity: 250 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Mosquitofish
Scientific Name: Gambusia affinis
Toxicity: 0.2 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Alaskan stickleback, three-spine stickleback
Scientific Name: Gasterosteus aculeatus
Toxicity: 77 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Black bullhead
Scientific Name: Ictalurus melas
Toxicity: 12,900 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Channel catfish
Scientific Name: Ictalurus punctatus
Toxicity: 8,970 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Flagfish
Scientific Name: Jordanella floridae
Toxicity: 8.6 - 11 µg/l
Test: 110d MATC,F
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Flagfish
Scientific Name: Jordanella floridae
Toxicity: 349 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,F
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Green sunfish
Scientific Name: Lepomis cyanellus
Toxicity: 120 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Pumpkinseed
Scientific Name: Lepomis gibbosus
Toxicity: 0.48 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Bluegill
Scientific Name: Lepomis macrochirus
Toxicity: 120 µg/l
Test: 24h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Bluegill
Scientific Name: Lepomis macrochirus
Toxicity: 110 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Bluegill
Scientific Name: Lepomis macrochirus
Toxicity: 0.1 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Redear sunfish
Scientific Name: Lepomis microlophus
Toxicity: 170 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Atlantic silverside
Scientific Name: Menidia menidia
Toxicity: 125 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Largemouth bass
Scientific Name: Micropterus salmoides
Toxicity: 285 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: White perch
Scientific Name: Morone americana
Toxicity: 1.1 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Striped bass
Scientific Name: Morone saxatilis
Toxicity: 0.039 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Striped mullet
Scientific Name: Mugil cephalus
Toxicity: 550 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Coho salmon or silver salmon
Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus kisutch
Toxicity: 0.1 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Coho salmon or silver salmon
Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus kisutch
Toxicity: 101 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Rainbow trout
Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss
Toxicity: 100 µg/l
Test: 24h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Rainbow trout
Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss
Toxicity: 0.17 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
g
Common Name: Rainbow trout
Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss
Toxicity: 200 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Yellow perch
Scientific Name: Perca flavescens
Toxicity: 263 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Minnow
Scientific Name: Phoxinus phoxinus
Toxicity: 8.7 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Fathead minnow
Scientific Name: Pimephales promelas
Toxicity: 9,000 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Fathead minnow
Scientific Name: Pimephales promelas
Toxicity: 14 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Guppy
Scientific Name: Poecilia reticulata
Toxicity: 0.819 µg/l
Test: 1w LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Guppy
Scientific Name: Poecilia reticulata
Toxicity: 1.2 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Columbia River redband trout
Scientific Name: Salmo gairdneri
Toxicity: 170 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Brown trout
Scientific Name: Salmo trutta
Toxicity: 200 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Brown trout
Scientific Name: Salmo trutta
Toxicity: 0.2 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Catfish
Scientific Name: Siluriformes (Order)
Toxicity: 9 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Northern puffer
Scientific Name: Sphaeroides maculatus
Toxicity: 3250 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Bluehead
Scientific Name: Thalassoma bifasciatum
Toxicity: 27 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Eastern mudminnow
Scientific Name: Umbra pygmaea
Toxicity: 0.14 µg/l
Test: 14d LC50,F
- Organism Type:
Fish
e
Common Name: Eastern mudminnow
Scientific Name: Umbra pygmaea
Toxicity: 0.24 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Mammals
g
Common Name: Rat
Scientific Name: Muridae (Family)
Toxicity: 5500 mg/kg
Test: LD50
Formulation: > or = 95% Tech
- Organism Type:
Molluscs
e
Common Name: Eastern oyster
Scientific Name: Crassostrea virginica
Life Stage: Larval
Toxicity: 2660 µg/l
Test: 14d LC50,S
- Organism Type:
Molluscs
e
Common Name: Eastern oyster
Scientific Name: Crassostrea virginica
Life Stage: Egg
Toxicity: 9070 µg/l
Test: 48h LC50,S
Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients
- Log Kow:
2.89
e
Formulation: at 20C
Work Cited
|
a
|
Beyond pesticides fact sheets. Pages retrieved November, 2003 from http://www.beyondpesticides.org. Beyond Pesticides, Washington, DC.
|
|
e
|
Verschueren, K. 1996. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals, 3rd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
|
|
f
|
Howard, P. H., R. S. Boethling, W. F. Jarvis, W. M. Meylan, and E. M. Michalenko. 1991. Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates. Lewis Publishers., Chelsea, MI.
|
|
g
|
Meister, R. T., and C. Sine (Ed). 2003. Crop Protection Handbook, volume 89. Meister Publishing Company, Willoughby, OH.
|
|
af
|
Key, P., M. H. Fulton, G. I. Scott, S. L. Layman, and E. F. Wirth. 1998. Lethal and sublethal effects of malathion on three life stages of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. Aquatic Toxicology 40:311-322.
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