Ecological Assessment of Storm Impacts

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Data Collection

2,4-D

CAS Number: 94-75-7

Basic Information

The chemical structure of 2,4-D Synonym(s): 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4-D acid; 2,4-D Amine No. 4; 2,4-D LV6; 2,4-D solution (1mg/ml)
Formula: C8H6Cl2O3
 Molecular Weight: 221.04
 Melting Point (°C): 138
 Contaminant Type: 2,4-D is an herbicide.

Solubility (in water)

  • Solubility: 677 mg/l p
    Temperature (°C): 25
  • Solubility: 890 mg/l e
    Temperature (°C): 25

Half-Life (in soil unless otherwise noted)

  • t1/2: 10 days b
  • t1/2: <7 days h

Toxicity Effects

  • Organism Type: Algae b
    Common Name: Algae
     Toxicity: 33 mg/l
     Test: 3h EC50
  • Organism Type: Algae e
    Scientific Name: Chlorococcum spp.
     Toxicity: 50-60 mg/l
     Test: 10d EC50
  • Organism Type: Algae e
    Scientific Name: Dunaliella tertiolecta
     Toxicity: 75-90 mg/l
     Test: 10d EC50
  • Organism Type: Algae e
    Scientific Name: Isochrysis galbana
     Toxicity: 50-60 mg/l
     Test: 10d EC50
  • Organism Type: Algae e
    Scientific Name: Phaeodactylum tricornutum
     Toxicity: 50-60 mg/l
     Test: 10d EC50
  • Organism Type: Birds h
    Common Name: Mallard
     Scientific Name: Anas platyrhynchos
     Toxicity: 1000 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Birds h
    Common Name: pheasant
     Scientific Name: Phasianidae (Family)
     Toxicity: 272 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Birds h
    Common Name: Quail
     Scientific Name: Phasianidae (Family)
     Toxicity: 668 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Crustaceans b
    Common Name: Crustaceans
     Toxicity: 101-4250 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
  • Organism Type: Crustaceans h
    Scientific Name: Amphiascus tenuiremis
     Life Stage: Juvenile
     Toxicity: >10 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
  • Organism Type: Crustaceans ce
    Scientific Name: Ceriodaphnia dubia
     Toxicity: 236 mg/l
     Test: 48h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish e
    Common Name: American eel
     Scientific Name: Anguilla rostrata
    Toxicity: 300 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50,S
  • Organism Type: Fish e
    Common Name: Carp
     Scientific Name: Cyprinus carpio
     Toxicity: 96.5 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50,S
  • Organism Type: Fish e
    Common Name: Banded killifish
     Scientific Name: Fundulus diaphanus
    Toxicity: 27 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50,S
  • Organism Type: Fish e
    Common Name: Pumpkinseed
     Scientific Name: Lepomis gibbosus
     Toxicity: 95 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50,S
  • Organism Type: Fish e
    Common Name: Bluegill
     Scientific Name: Lepomis macrochirus
     Toxicity: 0.9 mg/l
     Test: 48h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish e
    Common Name: White perch
     Scientific Name: Morone americana
     Toxicity: 40 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50,S
  • Organism Type: Fish e
    Common Name: Striped bass
     Scientific Name: Morone saxatilis
    Toxicity: 70 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50,S
  • Organism Type: Fish e
    Common Name: Rainbow trout
     Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss
    Toxicity: 1.1 mg/l
     Test: 48h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish e
    Common Name: Guppy
     Scientific Name: Poecilia reticulata
    Toxicity: 70.7 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50,S
  • Organism Type: Mammals h
    Common Name: Guinea pig
     Toxicity: <320 - 1000 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Mammals h
    Common Name: Mouse
     Scientific Name: Muridae (Family)
     Life Stage: Juvenile
     Toxicity: 370 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Mammals h
    Common Name: Rat
     Scientific Name: Muridae (Family)
     Toxicity: 375 - 666 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Molluscs b
    Common Name: Molluscs
     Toxicity: 232-289 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
  • Organism Type: Molluscs e
    Common Name: Eastern oyster
     Scientific Name: Crassostrea virginica
     Life Stage: Larval
     Toxicity: 64 mg/l
     Test: 14d LC50,S
     Formulation: Salt
  • Organism Type: Molluscs e
    Common Name: Eastern oyster
     Scientific Name: Crassostrea virginica
     Life Stage: Larval
     Toxicity: 740 µg/l
     Test: 14d LC50,S
     Formulation: Ester
  • Organism Type: Molluscs e
    Common Name: Eastern oyster
     Scientific Name: Crassostrea virginica
     Life Stage: Egg
     Toxicity: 8 mg/l
     Test: 48h LC50,S
     Formulation: Ester
  • Organism Type: Molluscs e
    Common Name: Eastern oyster
     Scientific Name: Crassostrea virginica
     Life Stage: Egg
     Toxicity: 20 mg/l
     Test: 48h LC50,S
     Formulation: Salt

Soil Organic Carbon/Water Partition Coefficients

  • Koc: 20 b

Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients

  • Log Kow: 2.81 p
  • Log Kow: 2.5/2.81 e
    Formulation: at 20C

Resource Map: Click below to open in a new window to view or print.
Potential applications of this contaminant in the St. Johns Water River Management District

Work Cited

b AQUIRE (AQUatic toxicity Information REtrieval) database (As part of the ECOTOX Database). Pages retreived February, 2003 from http://www.epa.gov/ecotox/. USEPA, Washington, DC.
e Verschueren, K. 1996. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals, 3rd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
h Extension Toxicology Network. Pages retrieved November, 2003 from http://ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
p Syracuse Research Corporation Databases. Pages retrieved November, 2003 from: http://esc.syrres.com. Syracuse Research Corporation, North Syracuse, NY.
ce Oris, J.T., R.W. Winner, and M.V. Moore. 1991. A four day survival and reproduction toxicity test for Ceriodaphnia dubia. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 10:217-224.