Ecological Assessment of Storm Impacts

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Data Collection

Diquat Dibromide

CAS Number: 85-00-7

Basic Information

The chemical structure of Diquat Dibromide Synonym(s): Aquacide; Aquicide; Dihydro-8a,10a-diazoniaphenanthrene dibromide; Dihydrodipyrido(1,2-a:2',1'-c)pyrazinediium dibromide; Diquat ; Diquat dibromide, 1,1'-Ethylene-2,2'-Bipyridinium Dibromide
Formula: C12H12Br2N2
 Molecular Weight: 344.048
 Melting Point (°C): 355
 Contaminant Type: Diquat Dibromide is an herbicide.
Notes: Yellow crystals

Solubility (in water)

  • Solubility: 700000 mg/l e
    Temperature (°C): 20
  • Solubility: 677000 mg/l az

Half-Life (in soil unless otherwise noted)

  • t1/2: >1000 days h
  • t1/2: 3450 days az
    Formulation: aerobic
  • t1/2: 1060 days az
    Formulation: anaerobic

Toxicity Effects

  • Organism Type: Birds h
    Common Name: Hen
     Toxicity: 200-400 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Birds g
    Common Name: Mallard
     Scientific Name: Anas platyrhynchos
     Toxicity: 155 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Birds h
    Common Name: Mallard
     Scientific Name: Anas platyrhynchos
     Life Stage: Young
     Gender: Male
     Toxicity: 564 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Crustaceans bv
    Scientific Name: Hyalella azteca
     Toxicity: 48 µg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish g
    Common Name: Carp
     Scientific Name: Cyprinus carpio
     Toxicity: 67 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish bw
    Common Name: American pike
     Scientific Name: Esox lucius
     Toxicity: 16 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish bx
    Common Name: Black bullhead
     Scientific Name: Ictalurus melas
     Toxicity: 170 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
    Temperature (°C): 12
  • Organism Type: Fish bt
    Common Name: Bluegill
     Scientific Name: Lepomis macrochirus
     Toxicity: 19 mg/l
     Test: 48h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish bw
    Common Name: Bluegill
     Scientific Name: Lepomis macrochirus
     Toxicity: 35 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish bx
    Common Name: Bluegill
     Scientific Name: Lepomis macrochirus
     Toxicity: 245 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
    Temperature (°C): 12
  • Organism Type: Fish by
    Common Name: Largemouth bass
     Scientific Name: Micropterus salmoides
     Toxicity: 7.8 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish k
    Common Name: Striped bass
     Scientific Name: Morone saxatilis
    Toxicity: 0.25 ppm
     Test: 96h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish bz
    Common Name: Rainbow trout
     Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss
    Toxicity: 90 mg/l
     Test: 24h LC50
     Notes: in tapwater
  • Organism Type: Fish bt
    Common Name: Rainbow trout
     Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss
    Toxicity: 20 mg/l
     Test: 48h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish g
    Common Name: Rainbow trout
     Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss
    Toxicity: 21 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish bw
    Common Name: Rainbow trout
     Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss
    Toxicity: 11.2 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish cb
    Common Name: Chinook salmon or king salmon
     Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha
     Toxicity: 28.5 mg/l
     Test: 48h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish bx
    Common Name: Yellow perch
     Scientific Name: Perca flavescens
     Toxicity: 60 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
    Temperature (°C): 12
  • Organism Type: Fish by
    Common Name: Fathead minnow
     Scientific Name: Pimephales promelas
     Toxicity: 14 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
    Notes: in soft water
  • Organism Type: Fish cc
    Common Name: Guppy
     Scientific Name: Poecilia reticulata
    Toxicity: 50.23 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50,S
  • Organism Type: Fish h
    Common Name: Northern pikeminnow
     Scientific Name: Ptychocheilus oregonensis
     Toxicity: 16 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish cc
    Common Name: Scissor-tailed rasbora
     Scientific Name: Rasbora trilineata
     Toxicity: 29.92 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50,S
  • Organism Type: Fish cd
    Common Name: Brown trout
     Scientific Name: Salmo trutta
     Toxicity: 300 mg/l
     Test: 48h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish cd
    Common Name: Brown trout
     Scientific Name: Salmo trutta
     Toxicity: 570 mg/l
     Test: 48h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish ca
    Common Name: Brown trout
     Scientific Name: Salmo trutta
     Life Stage: Fingerlings
     Toxicity: 20.4 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
  • Organism Type: Fish e
    Common Name: Walleye
     Scientific Name: Sander vitreus
     Toxicity: 2.1 mg/l
     Test: 96h LC50
  • Organism Type: Mammals h
    Common Name: Guinea pig
     Toxicity: 187 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Mammals h
    Common Name: Cows
     Scientific Name: Bos taurus
     Toxicity: 30-56 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Mammals h
    Common Name: Dog
     Scientific Name: Canis (Genus)
     Toxicity: 187 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Mammals h
    Common Name: Rabbits
     Scientific Name: Lagomorpha (order)
     Toxicity: 188 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Mammals h
    Common Name: Rat
     Scientific Name: Muridae (Family)
     Toxicity: 120 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Mammals k
    Common Name: Rat
     Scientific Name: Muridae (Family)
     Toxicity: 230 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Mammals h
    Common Name: Mouse
     Scientific Name: Muridae (Family)
     Toxicity: 233 mg/kg
     Test: LD50
  • Organism Type: Mammals g
    Common Name: Rat
     Scientific Name: Muridae (Family)
     Toxicity: 600 mg/kg bw
     Test: LD50

Soil Organic Carbon/Water Partition Coefficients

  • Koc: 0.42 k
    Formulation: log - calculated
  • Koc: 352898 az
  • Koc: 2184750 ba
    Formulation: mean of the range 32000-7900000 from 32 soils in study

Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients

  • Log Kow: -4.6021 h
    Notes: Source did not specify type of partition coeffecient or if value was the log
  • Log Kow: -4.6 k

Work Cited

e Verschueren, K. 1996. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals, 3rd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
g Meister, R. T., and C. Sine (Ed). 2003. Crop Protection Handbook, volume 89. Meister Publishing Company, Willoughby, OH.
h Extension Toxicology Network. Pages retrieved November, 2003 from http://ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
k Montgomery, J. H. 1993. Agrochemicals Desk Reference: Environmental Data. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
az Pesticide Action Network North America Pesticide Database. Pages retrieved April 2005 from http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Index.html. Pesticide Action Network North America, San Francisco, CA.
ba European Commission. 2001. Review report for the active substance diquat. European Commission: Directorate-General Health & Consumer Protection, 1688/VI/97-final.
bt Edwards, C. A. 1977. Nature and origins of pollution of aquatic systems by pesticides. Pages 11-38 in M. A. Q. Khan, editor. Pesticides in Aquatic Environments. Plenum Press, New York.
bv Wilson, D. C., and C. E. Bond. 1969. The effects of herbicides diquat and dichlobenil (casoron) on pond invertebrates. Part I. Acute toxicity. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 98:438-443.
bw Gilderhus, P. A. 1967. Effects of diquat on bluegills and their food organisms. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 29:67-74.
bx Johnson, W. W., and M. T. Finley. 1980. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Pages 10-38. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. Resource Publications 137.
by Surber, E. W., and Q. H. Pickering. 1962. Acute toxicity of endothal, diquat, hyamine, dalapon, and silvex to fish. The Progressive Fish-Culturist 24:164-171.
bz Pimentel, D. 1971. Ecological Effects of Pesticides on Nontarget Species. Executive Office of the President's Office of Science and Technology, Ithaca, New York.
ca Simonin, H. A., and J. C. Skea. 1977. Toxicity of diquat and cutrine to fingerling brown trout. New York Fish and Game Journal 24:37-45.
cb Bond, C. E., R. H. Lewis, and J. L. Fryer. 1960. Toxocity of various herbicidal materials to fish. Pages 96-101. Second Seminar on Biological Problems in Water Pollution,. Oregon State College, Corvallis, Oregon. Tech. Rept. W603.
cc Kam-Wing, L., and J. I. Furtado. 1977. The chemical control of Salvinia molesta (Mitchell) and some related toxicological studies. Hydrobiologia 56:49-61.
cd Woodwiss, F. S., and G. Fretwell. 1974. The toxicities of sewage effluents, industrial discharges and some chemical substances to brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Trent River Authority area. Water Pollution Control 73:396-405.