NCCOS | Data Collection

Data Collection

Carbaryl

CAS Number: 63-25-2

Basic Information

The chemical structure of Carbaryl Synonym(s): 1-naphthalenol methylcarbamate; 1-naphthol methylcarbamate; 1-naphthyl methylcarbamate; 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate; alpha-naphthyl N-methyl carbamate; Arylam; Dicarbam; Bug Master; Carbamec
Formula: C₁₂H₁₁NO₂
Molecular Weight: 201.224
Boiling Point (°C): 315
Melting Point (°C): 142
Contaminant Type: Carbaryl is an insecticide.
Notes: Colorless solid

Solubility (in water)

Solubility: 40 mg/l ^g
Temperature (°C): 30

Solubility: 50 mg/l ^m
Temperature (°C): 20

Solubility: 120 mg/l ^g
Temperature (°C): 20

Half-Life (in soil unless otherwise noted)

t1/2: 0.133-30 days ^f
Temperature (°C): 28
pH Value: 9
Environment: Based upon aqueous hydrolysis half-life and unacclimated aerobic biodegradation half-life

t1/2: <7-22 days ^l

t1/2: 7 days ^m
Environment: Aerobic soil

t1/2: 28 days ^m
Environment: Anaerobic soil

t1/2: 0.34 days ^e
Temperature (°C): 18-22
Notes: Aerobic biodegradation at initial concentration of 20 ppm, using a mixture of nonacclimated sludge, field soil, and river sediment as inoculum, in a stirred flask, the major bacterial types in the activated sludge have been characterized as follows: Flavobacterium 35%; Alcaligenes 30%; Corynebacterium 20%; Pseudomonas 15%

t1/2: 0.013 days ^e
Temperature (°C): 40
pH Value: 9
Environment: Alkaline hydrolysis in the dark

Toxicity Effects

Organism Type: Algae ^e
Scientific Name: Chlorella spp.
Toxicity: 10 mg/l
Test: 10d EC100

Organism Type: Algae ^e
Scientific Name: Chlorella spp.
Toxicity: 1 mg/l
Test: 10d EC20

Organism Type: Algae ^e
Scientific Name: Dunaliella euchlora
Toxicity: 1 mg/l
Test: 10d EC35

Organism Type: Algae ^e
Scientific Name: Microcystis aeruginosa
Toxicity: 0.03 mg/l
Test: 8d EC0

Organism Type: Algae ^e
Scientific Name: Monochrysis lutheri
Toxicity: 1 mg/l
Test: 10d EC100

Organism Type: Algae ^e
Scientific Name: Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Toxicity: 0.1 mg/l
Test: 10d EC100

Organism Type: Algae ^e
Scientific Name: Protococcus spp.
Toxicity: 10 mg/l
Test: 10d EC100

Organism Type: Algae ^e
Scientific Name: Protococcus spp.
Toxicity: 1 mg/l
Test: 10d EC26

Organism Type: Birds ^e
Common Name: Mallard
Scientific Name: Anas platyrhynchos
Toxicity: >2179 mg/kg
Test: LD50

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^bh
Common Name: Bay ghost shrimp
Scientific Name: Callianassa californiensis
Life Stage: Adult
Toxicity: 130 µg/l
Test: 24h EC50
Notes: loss of equilibrium, paralysis of death

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^bh
Common Name: Bay ghost shrimp
Scientific Name: Callianassa californiensis
Toxicity: 30 µg/l
Test: 48h LC50,S
Temperature (°C): 20

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^bi
Common Name: Dungeness crab
Scientific Name: Cancer magister
Life Stage: Egg/prezoeal
Toxicity: 20 µg/l
Test: 24h EC,S
Notes: average of 3 experiments

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^bi
Common Name: Dungeness crab
Scientific Name: Cancer magister
Life Stage: Juvenile
Gender: Male
Toxicity: 485 µg/l
Test: 24h EC50,S
Notes: average of 2 experiments

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^bi
Common Name: Dungeness crab
Scientific Name: Cancer magister
Life Stage: Juvenile
Toxicity: 250 µg/l
Test: 96h EC,S
Notes: average of 2 experiments

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^bi
Common Name: Dungeness crab
Scientific Name: Cancer magister
Life Stage: Adult
Toxicity: 180 µg/l
Test: 96h EC,S
Temperature (°C): 18
Notes: death or paralysis

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^bi
Common Name: Dungeness crab
Scientific Name: Cancer magister
Life Stage: Zoea
Toxicity: 10 µg/l
Test: 96h EC,S
Notes: prevention of molting and death

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^ce
Scientific Name: Ceriodaphnia dubia
Toxicity: 11.6 µg/l
Test: 48h LC50

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^e
Common Name: Daphnia
Scientific Name: Daphnia magna
Toxicity: 5 µg/l
Test: 63h NOEC

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^bj
Common Name: Daphnia
Scientific Name: Daphnia pulex
Toxicity: 6.4 µg/l
Test: 48h EC50

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^e
Scientific Name: Gammarus fasciatus
Toxicity: 26 µg/l
Test: 96h NOEC

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^bk
Scientific Name: Gammarus lacustris
Toxicity: 16 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50
Temperature (°C): 21

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^bl
Scientific Name: Gammarus pulex
Toxicity: 0.029 mg/l
Test: 48h LC50

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^bh
Common Name: Yellow shore crab
Scientific Name: Hemigrapsus oregonensis
Life Stage: Adult
Gender: Female
Toxicity: 270 µg/l
Test: 24h EC50,S
Notes: death, paralysis, loss of equilibrium

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^e
Scientific Name: Orconectes nais
Toxicity: 8.6 µg/l
Test: 96h NOEC

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^e
Common Name: Migrant prawn, oriental shrimp
Scientific Name: Palaemon macrodactylus
Toxicity: 7 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,F

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^e
Common Name: Migrant prawn, oriental shrimp
Scientific Name: Palaemon macrodactylus
Toxicity: 12 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^e
Common Name: Mississippi grass shrimp
Scientific Name: Palaemonetes kadiakensis
Toxicity: 5.6 µg/l
Test: 96h NOEC

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^bj
Scientific Name: Simocephalus serrulatus
Toxicity: 7.6 µg/l
Test: 48h EC50
Temperature (°C): 16

Organism Type: Crustaceans ^bh
Common Name: Blue mud shrimp
Scientific Name: Upogebia pugettensis
Toxicity: 40 µg/l
Test: 48h LC50,S
Temperature (°C): 20

Organism Type: Fish ^bm
Common Name: Sunfish
Toxicity: 11.2 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^bm
Common Name: Perch
Toxicity: 745 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^bn
Common Name: Rosy barb
Scientific Name: Barbus conchonius
Toxicity: 0.19 mg/l
Test: EC hystology
Notes: Hystological effect after 15 days. Wilting of pillar cell system

Organism Type: Fish ^bo
Common Name: Goldfish
Scientific Name: Carassius auratus
Toxicity: >200 mg/l
Test: 24h NR50
Notes: Cytotoxicity to goldfish GF-Scale cells

Organism Type: Fish ^bm
Common Name: Goldfish
Scientific Name: Carassius auratus
Toxicity: 13.2 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^bp
Common Name: Walking catfish
Scientific Name: Clarias batrachus
Toxicity: 46.85 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50
Notes: Technical formulation

Organism Type: Fish ^bm
Common Name: Bullhead
Scientific Name: Cottus gobio
Toxicity: 20 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^bh
Common Name: Shiner perch
Scientific Name: Cymatogaster aggregata
Life Stage: Juvenile
Toxicity: 3900 µg/l
Test: 24h LC50,S

Organism Type: Fish ^e
Common Name: Carp
Scientific Name: Cyprinus carpio
Toxicity: 13 mg/l
Test: 24h LC50,S

Organism Type: Fish ^e
Common Name: Carp
Scientific Name: Cyprinus carpio
Toxicity: 12 mg/l
Test: 48h LC50,S

Organism Type: Fish ^e
Common Name: Carp
Scientific Name: Cyprinus carpio
Toxicity: 10 mg/l
Test: 72h LC50,S

Organism Type: Fish ^bm
Common Name: Carp
Scientific Name: Cyprinus carpio
Toxicity: 5280 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^e
Common Name: Bass
Scientific Name: Dicentrarchus labrax
Toxicity: 6.4 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^bq
Common Name: Mosquitofish
Scientific Name: Gambusia affinis
Toxicity: 40 mg/l
Test: 24h LC50,S

Organism Type: Fish ^bq
Common Name: Mosquitofish
Scientific Name: Gambusia affinis
Toxicity: 35 mg/l
Test: 48h LC50,S

Organism Type: Fish ^br
Common Name: Mosquitofish
Scientific Name: Gambusia affinis
Toxicity: 204 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^bq
Common Name: Mosquitofish
Scientific Name: Gambusia affinis
Toxicity: 31.80 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S

Organism Type: Fish ^bh
Common Name: Alaskan stickleback, three-spine stickleback
Scientific Name: Gasterosteus aculeatus
Life Stage: Juvenile
Toxicity: 6700 µg/l
Test: 24h LC50,S

Organism Type: Fish ^bs
Common Name: Alaskan stickleback, three-spine stickleback
Scientific Name: Gasterosteus aculeatus
Toxicity: 3990 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S

Organism Type: Fish ^bm
Common Name: Catfish
Scientific Name: Ictaluridae (Family)
Toxicity: 15.8 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^e
Common Name: Black bullhead
Scientific Name: Ictalurus melas
Toxicity: 20000 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^bm
Common Name: Channel catfish
Scientific Name: Ictalurus punctatus
Toxicity: 15800 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^e
Common Name: Spot
Scientific Name: Leiostomus xanthurus
Toxicity: 100 µg/l
Test: 5m LC35,F

Organism Type: Fish ^bt
Common Name: Bluegill
Scientific Name: Lepomis macrochirus
Toxicity: 3.4 mg/l
Test: 24h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^bm
Common Name: Bluegill
Scientific Name: Lepomis macrochirus
Toxicity: 6760 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^bm
Common Name: Redear sunfish
Scientific Name: Lepomis microlophus
Toxicity: 11200 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^bm
Common Name: Largemouth bass
Scientific Name: Micropterus salmoides
Toxicity: 6400 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^e
Common Name: Chum salmon
Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus keta
Life Stage: Juvenile
Toxicity: 2500 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S

Organism Type: Fish ^bm
Common Name: Coho salmon or silver salmon
Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus kisutch
Toxicity: 764 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^bt
Common Name: Rainbow trout
Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss
Toxicity: 3.5 mg/l
Test: 24h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^bu
Common Name: Rainbow trout
Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss
Toxicity: 1.4 mg/l
Test: 24h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^bm
Common Name: Rainbow trout
Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss
Toxicity: 4340 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^bh
Common Name: English sole
Scientific Name: Parophrys vetulus
Life Stage: Juvenile
Toxicity: 4100 µg/l
Test: 24h LC50,S

Organism Type: Fish ^bm
Common Name: Yellow perch
Scientific Name: Perca flavescens
Toxicity: 745 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^bm
Common Name: Minnow
Scientific Name: Phoxinus phoxinus
Toxicity: 14.6 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^e
Common Name: Fathead minnow
Scientific Name: Pimephales promelas
Toxicity: 210 µg/l
Test: 6m NOEC
Notes: decline survival and reproduction

Organism Type: Fish ^e
Common Name: Fathead minnow
Scientific Name: Pimephales promelas
Toxicity: 6.7-10 mg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Fish ^e
Common Name: Fathead minnow
Scientific Name: Pimephales promelas
Toxicity: 9000 µg/l
Test: 96h NOEC

Organism Type: Fish ^bm
Common Name: Brown trout
Scientific Name: Salmo trutta
Toxicity: 1950 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50

Organism Type: Mammals ^e
Common Name: Rat
Scientific Name: Muridae (Family)
Toxicity: 500-850 mg/kg
Test: LD50

Organism Type: Mammals ^m
Common Name: Rat
Scientific Name: Muridae (Family)
Toxicity: 250-850 mg/kg
Test: LD50

Organism Type: Mammals ^a
Common Name: Rat
Scientific Name: Muridae (Family)
Toxicity: 225 mg/kg
Test: LD50

Organism Type: Molluscs ^e
Common Name: Nuttall cockle
Scientific Name: Clinocardium nuttalli
Life Stage: Adult
Toxicity: 7300 µg/l
Test: 24h LC50,S

Organism Type: Molluscs ^e
Common Name: Nuttall cockle
Scientific Name: Clinocardium nuttalli
Life Stage: Juvenile
Toxicity: 3850 µg/l
Test: 96h LC50,S

Organism Type: Molluscs ^e
Common Name: Pacific oyster
Scientific Name: Crassostrea gigas
Life Stage: Larval
Toxicity: 2200 µg/l
Test: 48h EC50,S
Notes: prev. of dev.

Organism Type: Molluscs ^e
Common Name: Eastern oyster
Scientific Name: Crassostrea virginica
Life Stage: Larval
Toxicity: 3000 µg/l
Test: 14d EC50,S

Organism Type: Molluscs ^e
Common Name: Eastern oyster
Scientific Name: Crassostrea virginica
Life Stage: Egg
Toxicity: 3000 µg/l
Test: 48h LC50,S

Organism Type: Molluscs ^e
Common Name: Northern quahog
Scientific Name: Mercenaria mercenaria
Life Stage: Larval
Toxicity: >2500 µg/l
Test: 14d EC50,S

Organism Type: Molluscs ^e
Common Name: Northern quahog
Scientific Name: Mercenaria mercenaria
Life Stage: Egg
Toxicity: 3820 µg/l
Test: 14h EC50,S

Organism Type: Molluscs ^e
Common Name: Blue mussel
Scientific Name: Mytilus edulis
Life Stage: Larval
Toxicity: 2300 µg/l
Test: 96h EC50

Soil Organic Carbon/Water Partition Coefficients

Koc: Log Koc: 2.02 - 2.59 ^k

Koc: 205 - 457.1 ^m

Koc: 2.5 ^e
Formulation: log

Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients

Log Kow: 2.31- 2.81 ^k

Log Kow: 2.29 - 2.81 ^l

Log Kow: Kow: 64.6 - 229.1 ^m

Log Kow: 2.3 ^e

Resource Map: Click below to open in a new window to view or print.
Potential applications of this contaminant in the St. Johns Water River Management District

Work Cited

a	Beyond pesticides fact sheets. Pages retrieved November, 2003 from http://www.beyondpesticides.org. Beyond Pesticides, Washington, DC.
e	Verschueren, K. 1996. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals, 3rd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
f	Howard, P. H., R. S. Boethling, W. F. Jarvis, W. M. Meylan, and E. M. Michalenko. 1991. Handbook of Environmental Degradation Rates. Lewis Publishers., Chelsea, MI.
g	Meister, R. T., and C. Sine (Ed). 2003. Crop Protection Handbook, volume 89. Meister Publishing Company, Willoughby, OH.
k	Montgomery, J. H. 1993. Agrochemicals Desk Reference: Environmental Data. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.
l	The ARS Pesticide Properties Database. Pages retrieved November, 2003 from http://www.arsusda.gov/acsl/ppdb.html. USDA, ARS, Alternate Crops & Systems Lab, Beltsville, MD.
m	The University of Manchester Compound Database. Pages retrieved November 2003 from http://www.man.ac.uk/umec/extra/list.html. The University of Manchester, Manchester, England.
bh	Stewart, N., E., R. E. Millemann, and W. P. Breese. 1967. Acute toxicity of the insecticide sevin and its hydrolytic product 1-naphtol to some marine organisms. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 96:25-30.
bi	Buchanan, D. V., R. E. Millemann, and N. Stewart, E. 1970. Effects of the insecticide Sevin on survival and growth of the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister. Jouranl Fisheries Research Board of Canada 27:93-104.
bj	Sanders, H. O., and O. B. Cope. 1966. Toxicities of several pesticides to two species of cladocerans. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 95:165-169.
bk	Sanders, H. O. 1969. Toxicity of Pesticides to the Crustacean, Gammarus lacustris. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Washington, DC. Technical paper 25.
bl	Bluzat, R., and J. Seuge. 1979. Effects de trois insecticides (lindane, fenthion et carbaryl): Toxicite aigue sur quatre especes d'invertebres limniques; toxicite chronique chez le mollusque pulmone Lymnaea. Environmental Pollution 18:51-70.
bm	Macek, K. J., and W. A. McAllister. 1970. Insecticide susceptibility of some common fish family representatives. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 99:20-27.
bn	Gill, T. S., J. C. Pant, and J. Pant. 1988. Gill, liver, and kidney lesions associated with experimental exposures to carbaryl and dimethoate in the fish (Puntius conchonius Ham.). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 41:71-78.
bo	Saito, H., S. Iwami, and T. Shigeoka. 1991. In vitro cytotoxicology of 45 pesticides to goldfish GF-Scale (GFS) cells. Chemosphere 23:525-537.
bp	Tripathi, G., and S. P. Shukla. 1988. Toxicity Bioassay of Technical and Commercial Formulations of Carbaryl to the freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 15:277-281.
bq	Chaiyarach, S., V. Ratananun, and R. C. Harrel. 1975. Acute toxicity of insecticides toxaphene and carbaryl and herbicides propanil and molinate to four species of aquatic organisms. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 14:281-284.
br	Naqvi, S. M., and R. Hawkins. 1988. Toxicity of selected insecticides (Thiodan, Security, Spartan, and Seven) to mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 40:779-784.
bs	Katz, M. 1961. Acute toxicity of some organic insecticides to three species of salmonids and to the three-spine stickleback. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 90:264-268.
bt	Edwards, C. A. 1977. Nature and origins of pollution of aquatic systems by pesticides. Pages 11-38 in M. A. Q. Khan, editor. Pesticides in Aquatic Environments. Plenum Press, New York.
bu	Zinkl, J. G., P. J. Shea, R. J. Nakamoto, and J. Callman. 1987. Brain cholinesterase activity of rainbow trout poisoned by carbaryl. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 38:29-35.
ce	Oris, J.T., R.W. Winner, and M.V. Moore. 1991. A four day survival and reproduction toxicity test for Ceriodaphnia dubia. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 10:217-224.